Biographies

Biographies

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=__**Obituary**__ =

= **__Hideyo Noguchi__** =

Born: 1876 Death:1928 Hideyo Noguchi is one of the most famous doctors in Japanese medical history. He is credited with the discovery of the cause of yellow fever and is famed for his studies on viruses, snake poisons, and toxins.

** Cause of death ** In 1928, Noguchi traveled to Africa to confirm his findings. The purpose of this field work was to test the hypothesis that yellow fever was caused by spirochaete bacteria instead of a virus. While working in Accra (modern-day Ghana) he died from yellow fever on May 21, 1928. His last words were //"I don't understand."//

__**15 Imp**____**ortant People**__

**__Kyota Sugimoto __**  Sugimoto Kyōta was a Japanese inventor who developed the first practical Japanese typewriter. He received the Blue Ribbon Award and the Small Asahi Ribbon. The Kanji style of Japanese writing was used in his typewriter. Out of the thousands of characters, Kyota used 2,400 of them. Until the popularization of word processor technology, the Japanese typewriter contributed greatly to increased efficiency of document preparation at Japanese companies and government Offices.

**__Hideki Yukawa __**  Yukawa is a prominent Japanese physicist, who won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1949, is known for his theory of how the nuclear force holds the nucleus together. As a result of this theory, he predicted (1935) the existence of the meson, a subatomic particle, found in 1947 by Cecil Powell. Hideki Yukawa the first Japanese to win the Nobel prize.



**__Yoshiro Nakamatsu __**  Nakamatsu Yoshirō is a notable Japanese inventor claiming to hold the world record for number of inventions with over 3,000 (according to the Guinness Book of World Records) including spring shoes and the basic technology for the floppy disk, the CD, the DVD, the digital watch, CinemaScope, armchair, sauce pump, and the taxicab meter. He is known as the "Edison of Japan."

 He is the only person who has licensed 16 patents to IBM, including the floppy disk. He created his first invention at the age of five. Moreover, he was awarded the 2005 the Nobel prize for Nutrition.



**__Hideyo Noguchi __**  Hideyo Noguchi (1876–1928) is one of the most famous doctors in Japanese medical history, noted bacteriologist, is credited with the discovery of the cause of yellow fever and is famed for his studies on viruses, snake poisons, and toxins.

**__Takao Doi __**  Takao Doi is a Japanese astronaut and a veteran of one NASA space shuttle mission. Doi holds a doctorate from the University of Tokyo in aerospace engineering, and has studied and published in the fields of propulsion systems, and microgravity technology. He worked for the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science and on the Japanese manned space program while also conducting research in the United States at NASA's Lewis Research Center and the University of Colorado. Doi was selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate in 1985 and flew as a mission specialist aboard STS-87 in 1997, during which he became the first Japanese astronaut to conduct a spacewalk.

**__Emperor Go-Toba __**  Emperor Go-Toba was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198. This 12th century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba.

**__Kusunoki Masashige __**  Kusunoki Masashige was a 14th century samurai who fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in his attempt to wrest rulership of Japan away from the Kamakura shogunate and is remembered as the ideal of samurai loyalty.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Taira no Kiyomori __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Taira no Kiyomori was a general of the late Heian period of Japan. He established the first samurai-dominated administrative government in the history of Japan. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> After the death of his father Taira no Tadamori in 1153, Kiyomori assumed control of the Taira clan and ambitiously entered the political realm in which he had previously only held a minor post. In 1156, he and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, head of the Minamoto clan, suppressed the Hōgen Rebellion.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Kotaro Honda __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Kotaro Honda was a Japanese scientist and inventor. He invented KS steel, which is a type of magnetic resistant steel that is three times more resistant than tungsten steel. He later improved upon the steel, creating NKS steel. He was awarded the Culture Award and the Big Asahi Ribbon of the First Class. He was taught by the famous Japanese physicist Hantaro Negaoka at the University of Tokyo. He was one of the first persons to be awarded the Order of Culture when it was established in 1937. He participated in establishing the from 1940. He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1931.



**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Reona Esaki __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Reona Esaki also known as Leo Esaki is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed as a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Professor Kanda Nobuo __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Professor Kanda Nobuo was a Japanese historian who specialized in early Manchu history. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> He was born in Kyoto. He spent his early life in Taipei until he entered Tokyo Imperial University in 1941. He was appointed to an assistant professor in 1949 at Meiji University and taught there until 1992. He led various academies. In 1964 he participated in launching the annual "Nojiriko Khuriltai", a conference of Altaist scholars.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Korechika Anami __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Korechika Anami was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II, and was War Minister at the surrender of Japan.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Dōgen Zenji __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Dōgen Zenji was a Japanese Zen Buddhist teacher born in Kyōto, and the founder of the Sota school of Zen in Japan after travelling to China and training under the Chinese Caodong lineage there. Dōgen is known for his extensive writing including the //Treasury of the Eye of the True Dharma// or Shobogenzo, a collection of ninety-five fascicles concerning Buddhist practice and enlightenment.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Myōan Eisai __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Myōan Eisai was a Japanese Buddhist priest, credited with bringing the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism and green tea from China to Japan. He is often known simply as Eisai Zenji. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Born in Bitchū Province,Eisai was ordained as a monk in the Tendai sect. Dissatisfied with the state of Buddhism at the time, in 1168 he set off on his first trip to Mt. Tiatai in China, the origin of the sect, where he learned of the primacy of the Chan Zen school in Chinese Buddhism of the time. He spent only six months in China on this first trip, but returned in 1187 for a longer stay as a disciple of Xuan Huaichang, a master in the Linji line, at Jing-de-si monastery.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">Heisuke Hironaka __** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> Heisuke Hironaka is a Japanese mathematician. After completing his undergraduate studies at Kyoto University, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard while under the direction of Oscar Zariski. He won the Fields Medal in 1970. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"> He is celebrated for proving in 1964 that singularities of algebraic varieties admit resolutions in characteristic zero. This means that any algebraic variety can be replaced by a similar variety which has no singularities.